Proximity Card Vs Smart Card: Danfara jɔnjɔnw, Lakanali faratiw, ani Sugandili kɛcogo

Nin gafe in bɛ kuma karti kelen-kelen bɛɛ baara cogo kan, prox kartiw bɛ dɛsɛ yɔrɔ minnu na lakanako la, i bɛ baara suguya min kɛ sisan, i bɛ se k’a dɔn cogo min na, fɛn dɔ bɛrɛbɛrɛli musaka ye min ye tiɲɛ na, ani fɛɛrɛ jumɛn bɛ bɛn sigida ma.

Karti min bɛ gɛrɛ ɲɔgɔn na, o bɛ baara kɛ cogo min na

Karti min bɛ gɛrɛ ɲɔgɔn na, o ye seereyasɛbɛn ye min tɛ baara kɛ, min tɛ se ka ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ, min bɛ baara kɛ ni125 kHz ye(fɛrɛnkan dɔgɔman). Aw bɛ kelen minɛ kalanden dɔ kɛrɛfɛ min bɛ bɛn a ma ani kalanden ka kuran fanga bɛ karti kɔnɔna antɛni bobine fanga di. Puce bɛ kunun, ka dantigɛli nimɔrɔ jɔlen dɔ jira - a ka c’a la, yɔrɔ kode ni karti nimɔrɔ min kodɔnna 26-bit Wiegand cogo la - ka taa a makun. Batiri tɛ, contact tɛ, interaction tɛ o translation kelen in kɔfɛ.

Karti bɛ fɛn dɔɔnin dɔrɔn de mara: kunnafoni 64 ɲɔgɔn, o bɛ se o danyɔrɔ fila ma, foyi wɛrɛ tɛ. Baarakɛcogo seko tɛ yen ani kodɔnbaliya fana tɛ yen. ID kelen in bɛ ci tuma o tuma ni karti donna 125 kHz foro o foro - kɔnɔ, binkannikɛla dɔ ye min dilan, o fana sen bɛ o la. Kalanbaga-ni-kunnafoni-falen-falen-yɔrɔ (Wiegand protocol) fana tɛ siri.

125 kHz gɛrɛgɛrɛ kartiwa ka c’a la, u bɛ na i n’a fɔ krediti-karti-hakɛ PVC kartiw walima kilisi fitininw. U sɔngɔ man gɛlɛn ani u ka nɔgɔn ka - kalanbaga kelen-kalan sigicogo sigi sen kan, o mago tɛ karti-kɛrɛfɛ porogaramuw labɛnni na. O nɔgɔya in fana y’a To u ye waati jan Kɛ sugu la, hali n’a y’a Sɔrɔ u ka lakana dantigɛliw kɛra gɛlɛya ye ka ban.

Baarakɛcogo minnu bɛ kɛ tuma caman na: sow dondaw, bolifɛnw jɔyɔrɔw, fɛnw jiginni siraw, ani sigida o sigida, laɲini ye ka da dondaw tigɛ sanni ka mɔgɔ tɔgɔ sɛgɛsɛgɛ ni kriptografi ye.

Smart Card bɛ baara kɛ cogo min na - ani mun na a ni tɔw tɛ kelen ye a jɔyɔrɔba la

Karti hakilitigi dɔ bɛ baara kɛ ni13,56 MHz ye(frequence haute) ani mikroporosesɛri - min bɛ don a kɔnɔ a tɛ bobine ni puce passive dɔrɔn ye. Ni u jirala kalanden dɔ la min bɛ bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma, o minɛn fila bɛ bolonɔbila kɛ ni kriptografi ye sanni seereyaw kunnafoni si ka bolo Changé. Karti bɛ jaabiw jatebɔ kalanden ka gɛlɛyaw kan, kalanden bɛ o ɲɔgɔn kɛ o kɔfɛ, wa fan fila si tɛ ID jɔlen ci min bɛ se ka segin ka fɔ kɔfɛ.

Ikomi jatebɔ bɛ kɛ karti yɛrɛ kan, seereyaw kunnafoni nafamaw mago tɛ abada ka bɔ cogo la min bɛ se ka kalan. Kalanbaga bɛ dalilu dɔ sɔrɔ min b’a jira ko a ye mɔgɔ ye min bɛ wele ko cryptographie. O ɲɔgɔndɛmɛ in, n’a tɛ sɔrɔ pewu prox card systems kɔnɔ, o ye smart card lakanani jusigilan ye.

Karti hakilitigiw fana bɛ fɛn caman mara ka tɛmɛ prox karti bɛ se ka - a ka c’a la 2 KB fo 72 KB ka kɛɲɛ ni puce - ye ani ka baarakɛminɛn caman dɛmɛ waati kelen na. A kelenISO 14443Karti hakilitigi dɔbɛ se ka boon doncogo seereyaw ta, baarakɛyɔrɔ doncogo sɛbɛn, kafefeere wari saracogo sɛbɛn, ani waati-ni{1}}nayali sɛbɛn. Prox kartiw tɛ se ka o si minɛ.

Sariya min ka bon kosɛbɛ donko kɔlɔsili karti hakilitigiw la, o yeISO/IEC 14443 ye- o ɲɛfɔli kelen min bɛ kɛ ni wari sarali kartiw ye minnu tɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ. Puce denbaya minnu bɛ sɔrɔ tuma caman na olu ye MIFARE Classic, MIFARE DESFire EV2/EV3, ani HID iCLASS ye. Kɔlɔsili kelen MIFARE Classic kan: Radboud Iniwɛrisite ɲininikɛlaw y’a jira san 2008 ko a ka Crypto-1 cipher min ye a yɛrɛ ta ye, o bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka binkanni kunbabaw-segin-ka-bɔ. DESFire EV2 ni EV3 bɛ baara kɛ ni AES sirili ye ani u ye sisan bɔnsɔn lakananen sugandilen ye baarakɛcogo kura kama.

Karti hakilitigiw bɛ sɔrɔ i n’a fɔ PVC karti jɔnjɔnw, kilisiw, ani - kɛnɛyako ni ko kɛlenw sigidaw la - bolokɔniw.RFID bololanɛgɛwminnu jɔlen bɛ 13,56 MHz karti hakilitigi puwɛntiw kan, olu bɛ kɛ denmisɛnw bolokɔfɛfɛnw ye dɔgɔtɔrɔsow la, ɲɛnajɛyɔrɔw la, ani samiyɛ kalansow la, baarakɛlaw mago bɛ nɔgɔya la min tɛ se ka ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ ani ka dannaya dafalen sɔrɔ denmisɛnninw ye minnu tɛ se ka karti ɲɛnabɔ.

Danfaraba minnu bɛ u ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ

O tabali kɔnɔ sɛbɛnni fila ka kan ni kumasenw ye dɔɔnin.OSDP (Protocole d’appareils ouverts supervisés) .ye bi Wiegand nɔnabila ye kalanden-ka-kontrɔla jɛgɛnsira kan. Prox karti sitɛmu fanba bɛ baara kɛ ni Wiegand - ye min ye seriyali protocole ye min ma siri, min bɛ daminɛ san 1980 waatiw la. OSDP bɛ o bila a nɔ na ni AES-128-encrypted, bidirectional communication ye. Karti hakilitigi kalanbaga minnu bɛ ni OSDP dɛmɛni ye, olu bɛ Wiegand ka interception vulnerability datugu pewu, karti-cloning farati dɔrɔn tɛ.Yɔrɔjan revocation (yɔrɔjan) revocationye nafa wɛrɛ ye min ma bonya kosɛbɛ : ni karti hakilitigi dɔ tununna walima ni baarakɛla dɔ bɔra, karti ɲɛnabɔcogo dɔ bɛ se ka seereyaw tiɲɛ da bɛɛ kan waati kelen na. Prox karti ka seereyaw ka kan ka bɔ bolo la ka bɔ controller database kelen-kelen bɛɛ la - ani ni o sen in bilala kɔfɛ, seereyaw bɛ to ɲɛnamaya la.

Lakanali danfara: Faratiw bɛ cogo min na tiɲɛ na

Gɛlɛya jɔnjɔn min bɛ gɛrɛɲɔgɔnna kartiw la, o ye fɛn dilanni ye. U bɛ ID jɔlen dɔ lase, min ma siri, ka taa 125 kHz kuran-magnetiki-yɔrɔ o yɔrɔ la -, binkannikɛla bɛ min lawuli, o fana sen bɛ o la. Binkanni fɛnɲɛnamafagalan saba bɛ tugu o dilancogo la k’a ɲɛsin u yɛrɛ ma:

Kartiw ka cloning (clonage) kɛli.125 kHz kalan/sɛbɛnni minɛnw bɛ sɔrɔ jago la, wa u baara ka nɔgɔn. Prox card ka seereyaw kalanni bɛ seginkanni kɛ; a sɛbɛnni ka kɛ karti gansan ye, o bɛ dɔwɛrɛw ta. Klon min bɛ sɔrɔ o la, kuran tɛ se ka faranfasi ni fɔlɔ ta ye. Kartitigi t’a jira ko a kɛra, wa doncogo sɛbɛn bɛ skan normal jira.

Wiegand ka mɔgɔw ka ɲɔgɔn minɛ.Hali ni karti cloning (karti cloning) balila cogo dɔ la, Wiegand jɛɲɔgɔnya min bɛ kalanden ni kɔrɔsibaga cɛ, o bɛ ci sɛbɛn jɛlen kɔnɔ. Minɛn fitinin min sigilen bɛ kalanbaga ka da kɔnɔ walima a kɔfɛ - yɔrɔ min tɛ ye, kogo ni kalanden - cɛ, o bɛ se ka seereyaw bɛɛ sɛbɛn a makun na minnu bɛ tɛmɛ. Tampering yelen tɛ, sistɛm alert tɛ.

Otomatiki revocation tɛ kɛ.I n’a fɔ a fɔra cogo min na sanfɛ, baarakɛla kɔrɔ dɔ ka proxy karti seereyaw bɛ to baara la fo mɔgɔ dɔ k’a bɔ a bolo la ka bɔ controleur bɛɛ la min bɛ tali kɛ o ko la. Tuma caman na, o danfara bɛ suman tile walima dɔgɔkunw kɔnɔ waleyali la.

Gɛrɛɲɔgɔnna karti binkanniw bɛ kɛ baarakɛcogo la min bɛ kɛ ni dususuma ye. Sɛbɛnni min bɛ kɛ ni clon ye, o bɛ doncogo sɛbɛn sɛbɛnw dilan minnu ni baarakɛla sariyalen ta bɛ kelen ye. Anomali tɛ yen, lasɔmini tɛ yen, wa tuma caman na, sɛgɛsɛgɛli tɛ kɛ fo fɛn wɛrɛ ka seginnkanni daminɛ. O ye yɔrɔ ye min tɛ jira spec sheets kɔnɔ.

Jɛkulu minnu bɛ lakanani pasif teliya ɲini prox kartiw la minnu maralen bɛ waribɔlanw kɔnɔ, anRFID balili kartibɛ nɔgɔya dɔw di ka ɲɛsin opportunistic scanning ma - hali n’a tɛ foyi kɛ ka Wiegand ka interception ko ɲɛnabɔ kalanden fan fɛ.

I bɛ se k’a dɔn cogo min na i bɛ ni Karti min ye sisan

Sani i ka fɛn o fɛn labɛn ka ɲɛ, i ka kan k’a dɔn fɛɛrɛ minnu bɛ baara kɛ tiɲɛ na i ka yɔrɔ la.

Taabolo 1 - Telefɔni seleke naani sɛgɛsɛgɛli.NFC Tools (fu, Android) sigi sen kan ani ka karti minɛ ka a kɛ telefɔni kɔfɛ. Ni appli ye puce data o puce data kalan, o ye 13,56 MHz smart card ye. Ni foyi ma Kɛ, a bɛ Se ka Kɛ ko 125 kHz proxy card ye, Android NFC tɛ Se ka min Kàlan.

Taabolo 2 - Farikolo sɛgɛsɛgɛli.Aw bɛ karti minɛ yeelen barikama dɔ kɔrɔ. Karti hakilitigiw ka teli ka kɔnɔna kontoron fitiniw jira - antɛni bobine ni puce layɛrɛ sumaya. Prox kartiw bɛ i ko u cogo kelen na. Sanu walima warijɛ min bɛ ye ɲɛda la, o bɛ contact-mode smart card seko jira, o min ka ca gɔfɛrɛnaman ka PIV kartiw kan.

Taabolo 3 - Kalanbaga ka spec sɛbɛn.Aw ye aw ka kalanbaga sigilenw ka modɛli nimɔrɔ lajɛ. Donanw sɛbɛnfura bɛna frequences (fɔkanw) minnu bɛ dɛmɛ, olu jira. "125 kHz", "HID Prox", "EM4100", walima "TK4100" kɔrɔ ye prox ye. "13,56 MHz", "MIFARE", "ISO 14443", walima "iCLASS" kɔrɔ ye karti hakilitigi ye. Ni u fila bɛɛ bɔra, i bɛ ni dual-frequency hardware ye kaban.

Muɲu: Hakilila min bɛ se ka kɛ tiɲɛ ye

Jatebla bɛɛ ye jatebla ye kabini san 2024–2025; ka sisan sɔngɔko sɛgɛsɛgɛ ni feerekɛlaw ye sani ka baarakɛnafolo kɛ.

• 125 kHz gɛrɛgɛrɛ kartiw: $1–$5 karti kelen na
• MIFARE Classic karti hakilitigiw: $2–$6 karti kelen na
• MIFARE DESFire EV3 / iCLASS SEOS: $6–$20+ karti kelen na
• Gɛrɛɲɔgɔnna karti kalanbagaw: $50–$200 da kelen na
• Karti hakilitigi kalanbagaw: $80–$300 da kelen na
• Dual-fɛrɛkan kalanbagaw(karti suguya fila bɛɛ kalan): $100–$400 da kelen na

Karti kelen-kelen bɛɛ musaka danfara min bɛ prox ni don{1}}ni karti hakilitigiw cɛ, o ka dɔgɔ ka tɛmɛ mɔgɔ fanba b’a miiri cogo min na - bɛ se $1–$3 ma seere kelen-kelen bɛɛ la. O musaka min ka bon ka tɛmɛn fɔlɔ kan, o ye kalanbagaw ka minɛnw ye. O de y’a to dual-frequency readers ye daminɛ nafama ye jiginni fanba la: proxy karti minnu bɛ yen, olu bɛ to ka baara kɛ ka sɔrɔ smart cardw bɛ bɔ ɲɔgɔn fɛ, ka don o don sɔrɔli tiɲɛni si bali.

Musaka bɛɛ jatebɔ fana ka kan ka don prox karti lakanani ko kɛlen dɔ musaka bɛ min na tiɲɛ na - seereyaw cili, sɛgɛsɛgɛli, ani kunnafonidi min bɛ se ka kɛ sariyaw ye. O hakɛ bɛ se ka tɛmɛ san caman kɔnɔ karti hakilitigiw ka nafolodonni kan.

Fɛnɲɛnɛma jumɛn bɛ bɛn sigida jumɛn ma?

Kɛnɛyako.Karti hakilitigiw ye sugandili nafama ye. Dɔgɔtɔrɔso sigidaw mago bɛ farikolo doncogo kɔlɔsili la (furakɛyɔrɔw, yɔrɔ dantigɛlenw) ani doncogo hakili la (EHR baarakɛyɔrɔ doncogo) seere kelen kan. HIPAA ka jatebɔ wajibiyalenw bɛ bɛn ni smart card sɔrɔli jatebɔ ye.Sɔrɔcogo kɔlɔsili kalanbagawminnu bɛ baara fila bɛɛ dɛmɛ, olu ye sariya ye bi dɔgɔtɔrɔso jɔli la. Denmisɛnw ni bangekɔlɔsi yɔrɔw la, RFID denmisɛnw bolokɔnincinin minnu bɛ baara kɛ ni karti hakilitigi puwɛntiw ye, olu b’a to baarakɛlaw bɛ banabagatɔw nɔfɛtaama ani ka bɔli bali minnu ma yamaruya - baarakɛcogo tilennen na ni o seereyaw fɛn kelenw ye.

Gofɛrɛnaman.PIV (Personal Identity Verification) kartiw, minnu wajibiyalen don ka kɛɲɛ niFIPS 201 yefédéral baarakɛlaw fɛ minnu bɛ don gɔfɛrɛnaman ka sistɛmuw kɔnɔ, olu ye karti hakilitigiw ye. Gɛrɛɲɔgɔnna kartiw tɛ HSPD-12 walima a nɔnabila karamɔgɔya dafa. Jɛkulu minnu tɛ fédéral ye, minnu bɛ baara kɛ ni sariya labatoli kelenw ye, olu ka kan ka tugu o sira kelen de kɔ.

Kalan sanfɛla.Inivɛrisitew bɛ to ka baara kɛ ni karti kelen ye walasa ka don sigiyɔrɔw la, ka gafemarayɔrɔw baara, ka tɛmɛsira tɛmɛsiraw, ani dumuni bolodalenw. A kelenMIFARE 1K karti hakilitigibɛ se ka ninnu caman ɲɛnabɔ waati kelen na. Prox kartiw tɛ se ka kɛ.

Jɛkuluw ka baarakɛyɔrɔ.Jɛkulu minnu bɛ SOC 2 Type II walima ISO 27001 kɔnɔ, olu ka kan ka kɛ karti hakilitigiw ye. Wiegand-based prox systems bɛ ka taamasiyɛn kɛ ka taa a fɛ lakana jateminɛw kɔnɔ ko u tɛ se ka kɛ sigidaw la minnu bɛ kunnafonidilanw ɲɛnabɔ minnu bɛ labɛn.

Jagokɛyɔrɔ min farati ka dɔgɔ-.Biro fitinin, fɛnmarayɔrɔ kelen, walima fɛn marayɔrɔ min tɛ ni kunnafoni nafamaw ye a da kɔfɛ - prox kartiw bɛ to musaka-nafa la yan. Bagabagali modɛli tɛ jo di smart card infrastructure musakaw ma nin hakɛ in na.

Labɛnni kɛli ka taa yɔrɔ wɛrɛ la: Fɛɛrɛ duuru minnu bɛ baara kɛ

Rip-ni-replace dafalen man teli ka kɛ wajibi ye. Jɛkulu fanba bɛ wuli dɔɔnin dɔɔnin ni dual-frequency infrastructure ye, o min bɛ seereyaw kɔrɔw to u ka baara la ka sɔrɔ kuraw donna.

1. Aw ye aw ka sistɛmu jateminɛ.Aw bɛ spec sɛbɛnw sama kalanden bɛɛ ye o yɔrɔ la. A dɔn da kɔlɔsilikɛla minnu bɛ baara kɛ ni Wiegand ni OSDP ye, ani kalanbaga minnu bɛ se ka firimiwɛri- sɛmɛntiya. Karti cogoyaw bɛɛ sɛbɛn minnu bɛ baara kɛ ni u ye kosɛbɛ.

2. Aw bɛ kalandenw bila u nɔ na fɔlɔ.Aw bɛ dual-frequency models bila da kelen-kelen bɛɛ la.Dual-frequency seereyawani kalandenw b’a to proxy kartiw ka to baara la jiginni bɛɛ kɔnɔ - donko tiɲɛni si ma kɛ rollout window waati la.

3. Ka karti hakilitigiw di faratiba{1}}baarakɛlaw ma fɔlɔ.Kunnafoni ɲɛmɔgɔw, IT ɲɛmɔgɔw, sèrwɛri so ani kunnafonidilanw dondaw - ninnu ka kan ka wuli ka taa yɔrɔ wɛrɛ la wave fɔlɔ kɔnɔ. KELEN13,56 MHz ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanbɛ baara kɛ ka fara karti cogoya kan baarakɛlaw fɛ minnu b’a fɛ.

4. Aw bɛ prox karti tilebin don sigi.Don kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen dɔ fɔ - a ka c’a la tile 90 fo 180 bɔ - o kɔfɛ 125 kHz seereyaw tɛna sɔn tugun. Kelenmɔgɔ tɔgɔ sɛbɛnni kalanbagabɛ caman bɔli nɔgɔya baarakɛlaw hakɛ tɔw ye.

5. 125 kHz bali ka kɛ dual-frequency kalanbagaw kan.Ni baarakɛlaw bɛɛ ye karti hakilitigiw sɔrɔ, kalanbagaw labɛn walasa u ka ban seereyaw la minnu ka dɔgɔ-frequency. O bɛ prox karti binkanni yɔrɔ datugu kudayi.

Jɛkulu minnu bɛ sigida labɛnni na, .NIST SP 800-116 Ɲɛjirali. 1bɛ waleyali bilasiralikan caman di PIV-ka kɛɲɛ ni farikolo ni hakilinata sɔrɔli seereyaw porogaramuw ye.

Mobili ka seereyaw dun?

Mobili seereyaw - minnu bɛ don seereyaw mara smartfon kan NFC walima Bluetooth Low Energy - fɛ, olu bɛ ka fanga sɔrɔ baarakɛyɔrɔw la. Baarakɛcogo ko ye tiɲɛ ye: seereyaw bɛ se ka di, ka fɛn dɔw sɛmɛntiya, ka bɔ u la yɔrɔjan fɛ, k’a sɔrɔ u ma maga karti farikoloma la, o min nafa ka bon jɛkuluw bolo minnu bɛ baarakɛlaw ka baarakɛyɔrɔbaw walima minnu tilalen don.

Jagokɛlaw fana ye tiɲɛ ye. Mobili seereyaw bɛ bɔ minɛnw batiri cogoya la, OS bɛnkan, ani MDM infrastructure. U ma bɛn fɔlɔ diɲɛ bɛɛ kɔnɔ sigida labɛnniw ma walima lakana laminiw ma minnu ka bon-. Jɛkulu fanba fɛ sisan, karti hakilitigiw tora cɛmancɛ yɔrɔ sɛgɛsɛgɛlen ye - lakananen ka tɛmɛ prox kartiw kan, u bɛ bɛn kosɛbɛ ka tɛmɛ mobili-dɔrɔn bilali kan, wa u bɛ dɛmɛ sɔrɔ kalanbagaw ni ɲɛnabɔli porogaramuw ka ekosisɛti kɔgɔlen fɛ.

Fɛn min ye fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ

Karti minnu bɛ gɛrɛ ɲɔgɔn na, olu tun bɛ se ka kɛ tuma min na u tun dilannen don. U ka nɔgɔn, u bɛ mɛn, wa u sɔngɔ man gɛlɛn - ani farati ka dɔgɔ sigida minnu na, u bɛ ten hali bi. Lakanali sigida min bɛ u lamini na, o jiginna. Prox karti clone (klon) kɛli bɛ dɔrɔmɛ tan ni tan bɔ sisan, wa a bɛ miniti damadɔw ta. O asimɛtiri in ka gɛlɛn ka jo di yɔrɔ o yɔrɔ ma min bɛ nafolo lakana minnu nafa ka bon.

Karti hakilitigiw tɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye min bilalen bɛ baarakɛda ka baarakɛnafolo kama. Donna-dakun MIFARE hakilitigi kartiw musaka ka ca dɔɔnin dɔrɔn unit kelen na ka tɛmɛ proxy karti jɔnjɔnw kan, wa kalanden musaka danfara bɛ se ka danbɔ ni dual-frequency hardware ye min bɛ jiginni to-ka tiɲɛni kɛ. Fɛn min ka kan ka kɛ fɔlɔ, o ye jateminɛ lakika ye min bɛ i ka da kɔfɛ tiɲɛ na - ani ni seereyaw min bɛ se ka kopi kɛ makun na sow kɔnɔ, o ye baarakɛminɛn ɲuman ye walasa k’a lakana.

Walasa ka ladamu seereyaw wajibiyalenw sɔrɔ foroko fɛn o fɛn na - a kɛra karti jɔnjɔnw ye wo,RFID ka kilisiw, walimasilikɔni bolokɔniwkɛnɛyako ni ko kɛlenw baarakɛminɛnw kama - Syntek bɛ 125 kHz ni 13.56 MHz cogoya fila bɛɛ di puwɛnti denbayaba bɛɛ kɔnɔ. Aw ye kuma ekipu fɛ walasa ka baro kɛ aw ka seereyaw wajibiyalen kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw kan.